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Ethical Use of Material-How to Cite Resources
Ethical use of Materials: how and when to cite online and print resources

IEARN project work encourages students to share information as they collaborate. This often requires research online or in school libraries. The World Wide Web has made it increasingly easy for students to share with others by copying and pasting. This information may come in the form of pictures, graphs, text, and videos. It is important to understand that all material online and in print belongs to someone.  The rights of these individuals are protected under copyright laws in many countries.  Once something is printed or published it is automatically copyrighted without any formal procedure. There are Fair Use Guidelines that make it legal to share material with others for education use.

 
Fair Use Guidelines for Educational Media
"Fair use is a legal principle that defines the limitations on the exclusive rights** of copyright holders. The purpose of these guidelines is to provide guidance on the application of fair use principles by educators, scholars and students who develop multimedia projects using portions of copyrighted works under fair use rather than by seeking authorization for non-commercial educational uses. These guidelines apply only to fair use in the context of copyright and to no other rights." 
 
"Fair Use Guidelines For Educational Multimedia*." Fair Use Guidelines For Educational Multimedia*. July 17, 1996. University of Texas System. 20 Sep. 2006 <http://www.utsystem.edu/ogc/intellectualproperty/ccmcguid.htm>.
 
For more information on the following topics go to "Fair Use Guidelines for Educational Media
PERMITTED USES OF EDUCATIONAL MULTIMEDIA PROGRAMS CREATED UNDER THESE GUIDELINES
  • Student Use
  •  Educator Use for Curriculum-Based Instruction
LIMITATIONS--TIME, PORTION, COPYING AND DISTRIBUTION
  • Time Limitations
  •  Portion Limitations
  • Motion Media
  • Text Material
  • Music, Lyrics, and Music Video
  • Illustrations and Photographs
  • Numerical Data Sets
  • Copying and Distribution Limitations 
EXAMPLES OF WHEN PERMISSION IS REQUIRED
  • Using Multimedia Projects for Non-Educational or Commercial Purposes 
  • Duplication of Multimedia Projects Beyond Limitations Listed in These Guidelines
  • Distribution of Multimedia Projects Beyond Limitations Listed in These Guidelines 
IMPORTANT REMINDERS
  • Caution in Downloading Material from the Internet 
  • Attribution and Acknowledgemen 
  • Notice of Use Restrictions
  • Future Uses Beyond Fair Use
  • Integrity of Copyrighted Works: Alterations
  • Reproduction or Decompilation of Copyrighted Computer Programs
  • Licenses and Contracts  

Helpful pages for creating citations of works used.


Oregon School Library Information Systesm
  
It has links to the following topics:
  • When to Cite
  • Plagerism
  • Parenthetical Citations
  • Quote, Paraphrase, Summerize
  • Note Taking Skills
  • Citation Worksheet
  • Sample Works Cited Page
Here is their easy to use Citation Maker:

Landmark Project Citation machine
http://citationmachine.net/


 
A Student & Teachers Information Code of Ethics

David Warlick in his book “Redefining Literacy in the 21st Century” has created a Students’ and Teachers’ Information Code of Ethics.  This points to four areas of concern, and lists proactive considerations that students and teachers should apply to every information decision that they make.  It can be found at:
landmark-project.com/workshops/files/code_of_ethics.doc


Seek Truth and Express It

Teachers and students should be honest, fair, and courageous in gathering, interpreting and expressing information for the benefit of others. They should:

  • Test the accuracy of information from all sources and exercise care to avoid inadvertent error.

  • Always identify sources. The consumers of your information product must be able to make their own judgment of its value.

  • Always question the sources’ motives.

  • Never distort or misrepresent the content of photos, videos, or other media without explanation of intent and permission from the information’s owner. Image enhancement for technical clarity is permissible.

  • Tell the story of the human experience boldly, even when it is unpopular to do so.

  • Examine your own cultural values and avoid imposing those values on others.

  • Avoid stereotyping by race, gender, age, religion, ethnicity, geography, sexual orientation, disability, physical appearance or social status.

  • Give voice to the voiceless; official and unofficial sources of information can be equally valid.

  • Distinguish between opinion and fact when expressing ideas. Analysis and commentary should be labeled and not misrepresent fact or context.

Minimize Harm

Ethical teachers and students treat information sources, subjects, colleagues, and information consumers as human beings deserving of respect.

  • Gathering and expressing information should never cause harm or threaten to be harmful to any one person or group of people.

  • Recognize that private people in their private pursuits have a greater right to control information about themselves than do others.

  • Consider all possible outcomes to the information you express, guarding against potential harm to others.

  • Never use information from another person without proper citation and permission.

Be Accountable

Teachers and students are accountable to their readers, listeners, viewers and to each other.

  • Clarify and explain information and invite dialogue about your conduct as a communicator.

  • Encourage the information consumer to voice grievances about your information products.

  • Admit mistakes and correct them promptly.

  • Expose unethical information practices of others.

Respect Information and its Infrastructure

Information, in the Information Age, is property. Information is the fabric that defines much of what we do from day to day, and this rich and potent fabric is fragile.

  • Never undertake any action that has the potential to damage any part of this information infrastructure. These actions include, but are not limited to illegally hacking into a computer system, launching or distributing viruses or other damaging software, physically damaging or altering hardware or software, or publishing information that you know is untrue and potentially harmful.

  • Report to proper authorities any activities that could potentially result in harm to the information infrastructure.

 
Additional Sources of Information for Copyright and Ethics

The following are from http://i.cmpnet.com/techlearning/pdf/supplements/CopyrightGuide200506_1.pdf
The United States Copyright Office Web site includes law and policy and also information on searching copyright records, how to register a work, licensing, and more.
http://www.copyright.gov/

Cyberethics for Kids provides adults, children, and teens information on how to use the Internet safely and responsibly.
www.cybercrime.gov/rules/kidinternet.htm

The Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics, developed by the Computer Ethics Institute, provides ten important rules to keep in mind when using the computer.
www.brook.edu/its/cei/cei_hp.htm

Fair Use Guidelines For Educational Media offers school-specific examples of permitted uses of
multimedia projects.
www.utsystem.edu/ogc/intellectualproperty/ccmcguid.htm
 
Teacher permission template for harvesting material from the Internet
http://davidwarlick.com/landmark/permission1.php

Student permission template for harvesting material from the Internet
http://davidwarlick.com/landmark/permission_student.php

The Cyberbee Questions and Answers for Students about Copyright
 
Kathy Schrock's copyright material.  Comprehensive list of sites about Copyright and fair use with lesson plans.  (You have to scroll down pretty far  to get to the material. )
 
Intellectual Property in the Information Age: A Classroom Guide to Copyright
http://personal.georgiasouthern.edu/~jwalker/ip/ipdummie.html
 
Contains:
  • The Law of Copyright
  • Intellectual Property Rights and Fair Use
  • Copyright and the World Wide Web
  • Some Guidelines for the Classroom
  • Activities
Welcome to Copyright Kids
 
TechLEARNING's articles on copyright
http://www.techlearning.com/hot_topics/copyright.jhtml

  • What Do You Mean COPYRIGHT Does Not Mean I Have the Right to Copy?
  • Kindergarten Copyright
  • Copyright in the Classroom: A Workshop for Educators
  • Talking to Students About Cyber-Ethics
  • Copyright and Fair Use
  • Preventing Digital Plagiarism
  • The Concerned Educator's Guide to Safety and Cyber-Ethics
  • Fair Use for Educational Purposes?
  • Who Owns What?
  • Seeking Permission to Copyrighted Materials
  • Copyright: Giving Credit
 

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