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Ethical Use of Material-How to Cite Resources |
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Ethical use of Materials: how and when to cite online and print resources
IEARN project work encourages students to share information as they collaborate. This often requires research online or in school libraries. The World Wide Web has made it increasingly easy for students to share with others by copying and pasting. This information may come in the form of pictures, graphs, text, and videos. It is important to understand that all material online and in print belongs to someone. The rights of these individuals are protected under copyright laws in many countries. Once something is printed or published it is automatically copyrighted without any formal procedure. There are Fair Use Guidelines that make it legal to share material with others for education use.
Fair Use Guidelines for Educational Media
"Fair use is a legal principle that defines the limitations on the exclusive rights** of copyright holders. The purpose of these guidelines is to provide guidance on the application of fair use principles by educators, scholars and students who develop multimedia projects using portions of copyrighted works under fair use rather than by seeking authorization for non-commercial educational uses. These guidelines apply only to fair use in the context of copyright and to no other rights."
PERMITTED USES OF EDUCATIONAL MULTIMEDIA PROGRAMS CREATED UNDER THESE GUIDELINES
- Student Use
- Educator Use for Curriculum-Based Instruction
LIMITATIONS--TIME, PORTION, COPYING AND DISTRIBUTION
- Time Limitations
- Portion Limitations
- Motion Media
- Text Material
- Music, Lyrics, and Music Video
- Illustrations and Photographs
- Numerical Data Sets
- Copying and Distribution Limitations
EXAMPLES OF WHEN PERMISSION IS REQUIRED
- Using Multimedia Projects for Non-Educational or Commercial Purposes
- Duplication of Multimedia Projects Beyond Limitations Listed in These Guidelines
- Distribution of Multimedia Projects Beyond Limitations Listed in These Guidelines
IMPORTANT REMINDERS
- Caution in Downloading Material from the Internet
- Attribution and Acknowledgemen
- Notice of Use Restrictions
- Future Uses Beyond Fair Use
- Integrity of Copyrighted Works: Alterations
- Reproduction or Decompilation of Copyrighted Computer Programs
- Licenses and Contracts
Helpful pages for creating citations of works used.
Oregon School Library Information Systesm
It has links to the following topics:
- When to Cite
- Plagerism
- Parenthetical Citations
- Quote, Paraphrase, Summerize
- Note Taking Skills
- Citation Worksheet
- Sample Works Cited Page
Here is their easy to use Citation Maker:
A Student & Teachers Information Code of Ethics
David Warlick in his book “Redefining Literacy in the 21st Century” has created a Students’ and Teachers’ Information Code of Ethics. This points to four areas of concern, and lists proactive considerations that students and teachers should apply to every information decision that they make. It can be found at:
landmark-project.com/workshops/files/code_of_ethics.doc
Seek Truth and Express It
Teachers and students should be honest, fair, and courageous in
gathering, interpreting and expressing information for the benefit of
others. They should:
- Test the accuracy of information from all sources and exercise care to avoid inadvertent error.
- Always identify sources. The consumers of your information product must be able to make their own judgment of its value.
- Always question the sources’ motives.
- Never distort or misrepresent the content of photos, videos,
or other media without explanation of intent and permission from the
information’s owner. Image enhancement for technical clarity is
permissible.
- Tell the story of the human experience boldly, even when it is unpopular to do so.
- Examine your own cultural values and avoid imposing those values on others.
- Avoid stereotyping by race, gender, age, religion, ethnicity,
geography, sexual orientation, disability, physical appearance or
social status.
- Give voice to the voiceless; official and unofficial sources of information can be equally valid.
- Distinguish between opinion and fact when expressing ideas.
Analysis and commentary should be labeled and not misrepresent fact or
context.
Minimize Harm
Ethical teachers and students treat information sources, subjects,
colleagues, and information consumers as human beings deserving of
respect.
- Gathering and expressing information should never cause harm or threaten to be harmful to any one person or group of people.
- Recognize that private people in their private pursuits have a
greater right to control information about themselves than do others.
- Consider all possible outcomes to the information you express, guarding against potential harm to others.
- Never use information from another person without proper citation and permission.
Be Accountable
Teachers and students are accountable to their readers, listeners, viewers and to each other.
- Clarify and explain information and invite dialogue about your conduct as a communicator.
- Encourage the information consumer to voice grievances about your information products.
- Admit mistakes and correct them promptly.
- Expose unethical information practices of others.
Respect Information and its Infrastructure
Information, in the Information Age, is property. Information is the
fabric that defines much of what we do from day to day, and this rich
and potent fabric is fragile.
- Never undertake any action that has the potential to damage any
part of this information infrastructure. These actions include, but are
not limited to illegally hacking into a computer system, launching or
distributing viruses or other damaging software, physically damaging or
altering hardware or software, or publishing information that you know
is untrue and potentially harmful.
- Report to proper authorities any activities that could potentially result in harm to the information infrastructure.
Additional Sources of Information for Copyright and Ethics
The following are from http://i.cmpnet.com/techlearning/pdf/supplements/CopyrightGuide200506_1.pdf
• The United States Copyright Office Web site includes law and policy and also information on searching copyright records, how to register a work, licensing, and more.
http://www.copyright.gov/
• Cyberethics for Kids provides adults, children, and teens information on how to use the Internet safely and responsibly.
www.cybercrime.gov/rules/kidinternet.htm
• The Ten Commandments of Computer Ethics, developed by the Computer Ethics Institute, provides ten important rules to keep in mind when using the computer.
www.brook.edu/its/cei/cei_hp.htm
The Cyberbee Questions and Answers for Students about Copyright
Kathy Schrock's copyright material. Comprehensive list of sites about Copyright and fair use with lesson plans. (You have to scroll down pretty far to get to the material. )
Contains:
- The Law of Copyright
- Intellectual Property Rights and Fair Use
- Copyright and the World Wide Web
- Some Guidelines for the Classroom
- Activities
Welcome to Copyright Kids
TechLEARNING's articles on copyright
http://www.techlearning.com/hot_topics/copyright.jhtml
- What Do You Mean COPYRIGHT Does Not Mean I Have the Right to Copy?
- Kindergarten Copyright
- Copyright in the Classroom: A Workshop for Educators
- Talking to Students About Cyber-Ethics
- Copyright and Fair Use
- Preventing Digital Plagiarism
- The Concerned Educator's Guide to Safety and Cyber-Ethics
- Fair Use for Educational Purposes?
- Who Owns What?
- Seeking Permission to Copyrighted Materials
- Copyright: Giving Credit
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